Pemetaan SWOT: Analisis Faktor Internal dan Eksternal dalam Model Pembiayaan Green Loan BCA

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini menganalisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) dari efektivitas pembiayaan hijau (green loan) PT Bank Central Asia Tbk (BCA) melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Analisis difokuskan pada faktor internal (kapasitas permodalan, efisiensi operasional, tata kelola ESG, kapabilitas MRV, digitalisasi) dan eksternal (regulasi, insentif fiskal, kondisi pasar, serta tekanan pemangku kepentingan). Hasil pemetaan SWOT menunjukkan kekuatan berupa modal yang kuat, efisiensi operasional, dan inovasi produk; kelemahan meliputi inefisiensi, non performance loan (NPL) tinggi, dan keterbatasan pipeline proyek; peluang mencakup roadmap keuangan berkelanjutan dan permintaan pasar hijau; sedangkan ancaman berasal dari ketidakpastian regulasi, risiko greenwashing, serta volatilitas makroekonomi. Integrasi kerangka Resource-Based View (RBV) dan Institutional Theory
menegaskan bahwa kapabilitas internal hanya efektif bila didukung ekosistem regulatif dan pasar yang stabil. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan tata kelola, harmonisasi definisi, peningkatan kapabilitas Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV), dan partisipasi aktif dalam ekosistem kebijakan merupakan langkah strategis untuk memperbesar kontribusi green loan dalam transisi menuju keuangan berkelanjutan.

ABSTRACT
This study examines the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) of effectiveness of green loan implementation at PT Bank Central Asia Tbk (BCA) using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). The analysis focuses on internal factors (capital adequacy, operational efficiency, ESG governance, MRV capabilities, and digitalization) and external factors (regulations, fiscal incentives, market conditions, and stakeholder pressure). The SWOT mapping reveals strengths such as strong capital, operational efficiency, and product innovation; weaknesses including inefficiencies, high NPLs, and limited project pipelines; opportunities related to the sustainable finance roadmap and green market demand; and threats stemming from regulatory uncertainty, greenwashing risks, and macroeconomic volatility. Integrating the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Institutional Theory, the findings highlight that internal capacities are only effective when supported by a stable regulatory framework and mature market ecosystem. The study concludes that strengthening governance, harmonizing definitions, enhancing Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) capabilities, and engaging in policy ecosystems are key strategies to maximize the contribution of green loans in the transition toward sustainable finance.